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版本:11.x

useUtils

useUtils 是一個掛勾,可讓您存取協助程式,讓您管理透過 @trpc/react-query 執行的查詢快取資料。這些協助程式實際上是 @tanstack/react-queryqueryClient 方法的精簡包裝器。如果您想要取得比我們在此處提供的更深入的選項和 useContext 協助程式的使用模式資訊,我們會連結到它們各自的 @tanstack/react-query 文件,以便您相應地參閱它們。

此掛勾在 10.41.0 之前稱為 useContext()(且在可預見的未來仍會使用別名)

用法

useUtils 會傳回一個物件,其中包含路由器中所有可用的查詢。其使用方法與 trpc 用戶端物件相同。當您到達查詢時,您將可以存取查詢輔助程式。例如,假設您有一個包含 all 查詢的 post 路由器

server.ts
ts
// @filename: server.ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
 
const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const appRouter = t.router({
post: t.router({
all: t.procedure.query(() => {
return {
posts: [
{ id: 1, title: 'everlong' },
{ id: 2, title: 'After Dark' },
],
};
}),
}),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
server.ts
ts
// @filename: server.ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
 
const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const appRouter = t.router({
post: t.router({
all: t.procedure.query(() => {
return {
posts: [
{ id: 1, title: 'everlong' },
{ id: 2, title: 'After Dark' },
],
};
}),
}),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

現在在我們的元件中,當我們導覽 useUtils 提供給我們的物件並到達 post.all 查詢時,我們將可以存取我們的查詢輔助程式!

MyComponent.tsx
tsx
function MyComponent() {
const utils = trpc.useUtils();
utils.post.all.f;
                  
// [...]
}
MyComponent.tsx
tsx
function MyComponent() {
const utils = trpc.useUtils();
utils.post.all.f;
                  
// [...]
}

輔助程式

以下是您將透過 useUtils 存取的輔助程式。下表將協助您了解哪個 tRPC 輔助程式包裝哪個 @tanstack/react-query 輔助程式方法。每個 react-query 方法都會連結至其各自的說明文件/指南

tRPC 輔助程式包裝器@tanstack/react-query 輔助程式方法
fetchqueryClient.fetchQuery
prefetchqueryClient.prefetchQuery
fetchInfinitequeryClient.fetchInfiniteQuery
prefetchInfinitequeryClient.prefetchInfiniteQuery
ensureDataqueryClient.ensureData
invalidatequeryClient.invalidateQueries
refetchqueryClient.refetchQueries
cancelqueryClient.cancelQueries
setDataqueryClient.setQueryData
setQueriesDataqueryClient.setQueriesData
getDataqueryClient.getQueryData
setInfiniteDataqueryClient.setInfiniteQueryData
getInfiniteDataqueryClient.getInfiniteData

❓ 我想要的函式不在這裡!

@tanstack/react-query 有許多我們尚未放入 tRPC 背景的函式。如果您需要一個不在這裡的函式,請隨時 開啟功能要求 進行請求。

在此同時,您可以從 @tanstack/react-query 直接匯入並使用函式。我們還提供了一個 getQueryKey,您可以在使用這些函式時使用它來取得篩選器上的正確 queryKey。

代理用戶端

除了上述 react-query 輔助程式外,此內容也會公開您的 tRPC 代理程式用戶端。這讓您可以在不需要建立額外基本用戶端的情況下,使用 async/await 呼叫您的程序。

tsx
import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
function MyComponent() {
const [apiKey, setApiKey] = useState();
const utils = trpc.useUtils();
return (
<Form
handleSubmit={async (event) => {
const apiKey = await utils.client.apiKey.create.mutate(event);
setApiKey(apiKey);
}}
>
...
</Form>
);
}
tsx
import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
function MyComponent() {
const [apiKey, setApiKey] = useState();
const utils = trpc.useUtils();
return (
<Form
handleSubmit={async (event) => {
const apiKey = await utils.client.apiKey.create.mutate(event);
setApiKey(apiKey);
}}
>
...
</Form>
);
}

查詢無效化

您可以透過 invalidate 輔助程式使查詢無效。invalidate 實際上是一個特殊輔助程式,因為與其他輔助程式不同,它在路由器地圖的每個層級都可用。這表示您可以針對單一查詢、整個路由器或所有路由器執行 invalidate。我們會在以下各節中提供更詳細的說明。

使單一查詢無效

您可以使與單一程序相關的查詢無效,甚至可以根據傳遞給它的輸入進行篩選,以避免對後端進行不必要的呼叫。

範例程式碼

tsx
import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
function MyComponent() {
const utils = trpc.useUtils();
const mutation = trpc.post.edit.useMutation({
onSuccess(input) {
utils.post.all.invalidate();
utils.post.byId.invalidate({ id: input.id }); // Will not invalidate queries for other id's 👍
},
});
// [...]
}
tsx
import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
function MyComponent() {
const utils = trpc.useUtils();
const mutation = trpc.post.edit.useMutation({
onSuccess(input) {
utils.post.all.invalidate();
utils.post.byId.invalidate({ id: input.id }); // Will not invalidate queries for other id's 👍
},
});
// [...]
}

在整個路由器中使查詢無效

也可以使整個路由器中的查詢無效,而不仅仅是單一查詢。

範例程式碼

後端程式碼
server/routers/_app.ts
tsx
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
export const appRouter = t.router({
// sub Post router
post: t.router({
all: t.procedure.query(() => {
return {
posts: [
{ id: 1, title: 'everlong' },
{ id: 2, title: 'After Dark' },
],
};
}),
byId: t.procedure
.input(
z.object({
id: z.string(),
}),
)
.query(({ input }) => {
return {
post: { id: input?.id, title: 'Look me up!' },
};
}),
edit: t.procedure
.input(z.object({ id: z.number(), title: z.string() }))
.mutation(({ input }) => {
return { post: { id: input.id, title: input.title } };
}),
}),
// separate user router
user: t.router({
all: t.procedure.query(() => {
return { users: [{ name: 'Dave Grohl' }, { name: 'Haruki Murakami' }] };
}),
}),
});
server/routers/_app.ts
tsx
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
export const appRouter = t.router({
// sub Post router
post: t.router({
all: t.procedure.query(() => {
return {
posts: [
{ id: 1, title: 'everlong' },
{ id: 2, title: 'After Dark' },
],
};
}),
byId: t.procedure
.input(
z.object({
id: z.string(),
}),
)
.query(({ input }) => {
return {
post: { id: input?.id, title: 'Look me up!' },
};
}),
edit: t.procedure
.input(z.object({ id: z.number(), title: z.string() }))
.mutation(({ input }) => {
return { post: { id: input.id, title: input.title } };
}),
}),
// separate user router
user: t.router({
all: t.procedure.query(() => {
return { users: [{ name: 'Dave Grohl' }, { name: 'Haruki Murakami' }] };
}),
}),
});
tsx
import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
function MyComponent() {
const utils = trpc.useUtils();
const invalidateAllQueriesAcrossAllRouters = () => {
// 1️⃣
// All queries on all routers will be invalidated 🔥
utils.invalidate();
};
const invalidateAllPostQueries = () => {
// 2️⃣
// All post queries will be invalidated 📭
utils.post.invalidate();
};
const invalidatePostById = () => {
// 3️⃣
// All queries in the post router with input {id:1} invalidated 📭
utils.post.byId.invalidate({ id: 1 });
};
// Example queries
trpc.user.all.useQuery(); // Would only be validated by 1️⃣ only.
trpc.post.all.useQuery(); // Would be invalidated by 1️⃣ & 2️⃣
trpc.post.byId.useQuery({ id: 1 }); // Would be invalidated by 1️⃣, 2️⃣ and 3️⃣
trpc.post.byId.useQuery({ id: 2 }); // would be invalidated by 1️⃣ and 2️⃣ but NOT 3️⃣!
// [...]
}
tsx
import { trpc } from '../utils/trpc';
function MyComponent() {
const utils = trpc.useUtils();
const invalidateAllQueriesAcrossAllRouters = () => {
// 1️⃣
// All queries on all routers will be invalidated 🔥
utils.invalidate();
};
const invalidateAllPostQueries = () => {
// 2️⃣
// All post queries will be invalidated 📭
utils.post.invalidate();
};
const invalidatePostById = () => {
// 3️⃣
// All queries in the post router with input {id:1} invalidated 📭
utils.post.byId.invalidate({ id: 1 });
};
// Example queries
trpc.user.all.useQuery(); // Would only be validated by 1️⃣ only.
trpc.post.all.useQuery(); // Would be invalidated by 1️⃣ & 2️⃣
trpc.post.byId.useQuery({ id: 1 }); // Would be invalidated by 1️⃣, 2️⃣ and 3️⃣
trpc.post.byId.useQuery({ id: 2 }); // would be invalidated by 1️⃣ and 2️⃣ but NOT 3️⃣!
// [...]
}

在每次變異時使完整快取無效

很難準確追蹤變異應使哪些查詢無效,因此,在任何變異中將完整快取作為副作用使無效,可能是一個務實的解決方案。由於我們有請求批次處理,因此此無效化將在您正在瀏覽的頁面上,透過單一請求重新擷取所有查詢。

我們已新增一項功能來協助處理這項工作

ts
export const trpc = createTRPCReact<AppRouter, SSRContext>({
overrides: {
useMutation: {
/**
* This function is called whenever a `.useMutation` succeeds
**/
async onSuccess(opts) {
/**
* @note that order here matters:
* The order here allows route changes in `onSuccess` without
* having a flash of content change whilst redirecting.
**/
// Calls the `onSuccess` defined in the `useQuery()`-options:
await opts.originalFn();
// Invalidate all queries in the react-query cache:
await opts.queryClient.invalidateQueries();
},
},
},
});
ts
export const trpc = createTRPCReact<AppRouter, SSRContext>({
overrides: {
useMutation: {
/**
* This function is called whenever a `.useMutation` succeeds
**/
async onSuccess(opts) {
/**
* @note that order here matters:
* The order here allows route changes in `onSuccess` without
* having a flash of content change whilst redirecting.
**/
// Calls the `onSuccess` defined in the `useQuery()`-options:
await opts.originalFn();
// Invalidate all queries in the react-query cache:
await opts.queryClient.invalidateQueries();
},
},
},
});

其他選項

除了查詢輔助函式之外,物件 useUtils 回傳的內容還包含下列屬性

ts
interface ProxyTRPCContextProps<TRouter extends AnyRouter, TSSRContext> {
/**
* The `TRPCClient`
*/
client: TRPCClient<TRouter>;
/**
* The SSR context when server-side rendering
* @default null
*/
ssrContext?: TSSRContext | null;
/**
* State of SSR hydration.
* - `false` if not using SSR.
* - `prepass` when doing a prepass to fetch queries' data
* - `mounting` before TRPCProvider has been rendered on the client
* - `mounted` when the TRPCProvider has been rendered on the client
* @default false
*/
ssrState?: SSRState;
/**
* Abort loading query calls when unmounting a component - usually when navigating to a new page
* @default false
*/
abortOnUnmount?: boolean;
}
ts
interface ProxyTRPCContextProps<TRouter extends AnyRouter, TSSRContext> {
/**
* The `TRPCClient`
*/
client: TRPCClient<TRouter>;
/**
* The SSR context when server-side rendering
* @default null
*/
ssrContext?: TSSRContext | null;
/**
* State of SSR hydration.
* - `false` if not using SSR.
* - `prepass` when doing a prepass to fetch queries' data
* - `mounting` before TRPCProvider has been rendered on the client
* - `mounted` when the TRPCProvider has been rendered on the client
* @default false
*/
ssrState?: SSRState;
/**
* Abort loading query calls when unmounting a component - usually when navigating to a new page
* @default false
*/
abortOnUnmount?: boolean;
}