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版本：11.x

輸入和輸出驗證器

tRPC 程序可以定義其輸入和/或輸出的驗證邏輯，驗證器也用於推斷輸入和輸出的類型。我們對許多熱門驗證器提供一流的支援，您可以整合驗證器，而我們不直接支援這些驗證器。

輸入驗證器​

透過定義輸入驗證器，tRPC 可以檢查程序呼叫是否正確，並在不正確時傳回驗證錯誤。

若要設定輸入驗證器，請使用 procedure.input() 方法

ts
// Our examples use Zod by default, but usage with other libraries is identical
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      const name = opts.input.name;
             
const name: string
      return {
        greeting: `Hello ${opts.input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
ts
// Our examples use Zod by default, but usage with other libraries is identical
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      const name = opts.input.name;
             
const name: string
      return {
        greeting: `Hello ${opts.input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});

輸入合併​

.input() 可以堆疊以建立更複雜的類型，這在您想要利用某些常見輸入到中介軟體中的程序集合時特別有用。

ts
const baseProcedure = t.procedure
  .input(z.object({ townName: z.string() }))
  .use((opts) => {
    const input = opts.input;
           
const input: {
    townName: string;
}
 
    console.log(`Handling request with user from: ${input.townName}`);
 
    return opts.next();
  });
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: baseProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      const input = opts.input;
             
const input: {
    townName: string;
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `Hello ${input.name}, my friend from ${input.townName}`,
      };
    }),
});
ts
const baseProcedure = t.procedure
  .input(z.object({ townName: z.string() }))
  .use((opts) => {
    const input = opts.input;
           
const input: {
    townName: string;
}
 
    console.log(`Handling request with user from: ${input.townName}`);
 
    return opts.next();
  });
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: baseProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      const input = opts.input;
             
const input: {
    townName: string;
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `Hello ${input.name}, my friend from ${input.townName}`,
      };
    }),
});

輸出驗證器​

驗證輸出並不總是像定義輸入那麼重要，因為 tRPC 透過推斷程序的回傳類型提供自動類型安全性。定義輸出驗證器的一些原因包括

  • 檢查從不受信任來源回傳的資料是否正確
  • 確保您不會回傳比必要的更多資料給客戶端
資訊

如果輸出驗證失敗，伺服器將回應INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR。

ts
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .output(
      z.object({
        greeting: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      return {
        gre,
           
  • greeting
      };
    }),
});
ts
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .output(
      z.object({
        greeting: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      return {
        gre,
           
  • greeting
      };
    }),
});

最基本的驗證器：函式​

您可以使用函式定義驗證器，而不需要任何第三方依賴項。

資訊

除非您有特定需求，否則我們不建議建立自訂驗證器，但重要的是要了解這裡沒有什麼魔法，它只是 TypeScript！

在大多數情況下，我們建議您使用驗證函式庫

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input((value): string => {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      throw new Error('Input is not a string');
    })
    .output((value): string => {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      throw new Error('Output is not a string');
    })
    .query((opts) => {
      const { input } = opts;
               
const input: string
      return `hello ${input}`;
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input((value): string => {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      throw new Error('Input is not a string');
    })
    .output((value): string => {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      throw new Error('Output is not a string');
    })
    .query((opts) => {
      const { input } = opts;
               
const input: string
      return `hello ${input}`;
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

函式庫整合​

tRPC 可立即與許多流行的驗證和剖析函式庫搭配使用。以下是我們正式維護支援的驗證器使用範例。

使用 Zod​

Zod 是我們的預設建議，它擁有強大的生態系統，使其成為在程式碼庫多個部分使用的絕佳選擇。如果您沒有自己的意見，並且想要一個強大的函式庫，不會限制未來的需求，那麼 Zod 是個不錯的選擇。

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .output(
      z.object({
        greeting: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .output(
      z.object({
        greeting: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 Yup​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as yup from 'yup';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      yup.object({
        name: yup.string().required(),
      }),
    )
    .output(
      yup.object({
        greeting: yup.string().required(),
      }),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as yup from 'yup';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      yup.object({
        name: yup.string().required(),
      }),
    )
    .output(
      yup.object({
        greeting: yup.string().required(),
      }),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 Superstruct​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { object, string } from 'superstruct';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(object({ name: string() }))
    .output(object({ greeting: string() }))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { object, string } from 'superstruct';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(object({ name: string() }))
    .output(object({ greeting: string() }))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 scale-ts​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as $ from 'scale-codec';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input($.object($.field('name', $.str)))
    .output($.object($.field('greeting', $.str)))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    readonly name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as $ from 'scale-codec';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input($.object($.field('name', $.str)))
    .output($.object($.field('greeting', $.str)))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    readonly name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 Typia​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import typia from 'typia';
import { v4 } from 'uuid';
import { IBbsArticle } from '../structures/IBbsArticle';
const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  store: publicProcedure
    .input(typia.createAssert<IBbsArticle.IStore>())
    .output(typia.createAssert<IBbsArticle>())
    .query(({ input }) => {
      return {
        id: v4(),
        writer: input.writer,
        title: input.title,
        body: input.body,
        created_at: new Date().toString(),
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import typia from 'typia';
import { v4 } from 'uuid';
import { IBbsArticle } from '../structures/IBbsArticle';
const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  store: publicProcedure
    .input(typia.createAssert<IBbsArticle.IStore>())
    .output(typia.createAssert<IBbsArticle>())
    .query(({ input }) => {
      return {
        id: v4(),
        writer: input.writer,
        title: input.title,
        body: input.body,
        created_at: new Date().toString(),
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 ArkType​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { type } from 'arktype';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(type({ name: 'string' }).assert)
    .output(type({ greeting: 'string' }).assert)
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { type } from 'arktype';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(type({ name: 'string' }).assert)
    .output(type({ greeting: 'string' }).assert)
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 runtypes​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as T from 'runtypes';
 
const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(T.Record({ name: T.String }))
    .output(T.Record({ greeting: T.String }))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as T from 'runtypes';
 
const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(T.Record({ name: T.String }))
    .output(T.Record({ greeting: T.String }))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 Valibot​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { wrap } from '@typeschema/valibot';
import { object, string } from 'valibot';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(wrap(object({ name: string() })))
    .output(wrap(object({ greeting: string() })))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: any
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { wrap } from '@typeschema/valibot';
import { object, string } from 'valibot';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(wrap(object({ name: string() })))
    .output(wrap(object({ greeting: string() })))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: any
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 @robolex/sure​

如有需要，您可以定義自己的錯誤類型和錯誤拋出函式。@robolex/sure 提供 sure/src/err.ts 以提供便利性。

ts
// sure/src/err.ts
export const err = (schema) => (input) => {
  const [good, result] = schema(input);
  if (good) return result;
  throw result;
};
ts
// sure/src/err.ts
export const err = (schema) => (input) => {
  const [good, result] = schema(input);
  if (good) return result;
  throw result;
};
ts
import { err, object, string } from '@robolex/sure';
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      err(
        object({
          name: string,
        }),
      ),
    )
    .output(
      err(
        object({
          greeting: string,
        }),
      ),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
      //      ^?
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { err, object, string } from '@robolex/sure';
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      err(
        object({
          name: string,
        }),
      ),
    )
    .output(
      err(
        object({
          greeting: string,
        }),
      ),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
      //      ^?
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

提供您自己的驗證程式庫​

如果您使用支援 tRPC 用法的驗證程式庫，歡迎為此頁面開啟 PR，提供與其他範例等效的用法，並附上您的文件連結。

在大部分情況下，與 tRPC 整合只要符合幾個現有的類型介面即可，但在某些情況下，我們可能會接受 PR 以新增支援的新介面。歡迎開啟議題進行討論。您可以在這裡查看現有的支援介面